specific method · filed under model architecture
Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) speech representation
Speech is represented using residual vector quantization.
Also called RVQ-based speech representation.
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Qwen3.5-Omni adopts the RVQ-based speech representation introduced in Qwen3-Omni (Xu et al., 2025b), which substantially improves inference efficiency.
usedmodel architecturein Qwen3.5-OmniQwen
Filed alongside
Other methods under model architecture :: multimodal architecture.
Encoder-free multimodal architectureEarly fusion multimodal trainingDiscrete token encoding for audioHierarchical patch encoderMixed-modality trainingConfigurable visual token budgetJoint multimodal decoding in a shared hidden spaceNative multimodal understanding3×3 pixel-unshuffle downsamplingJoint vision-language pre-trainingRaw audio projection into the LLM embedding spaceVision Transformer (ViT)2×2 pixel-shuffle downsamplingAudio encoder initialized from MiMo-AudioAudio Transformer (AuT)Causal streaming ConvNet codec decoderData-parallel-first multimodal encodingDecoupled Encoder Process (DEP)Dedicated multimodal encodersDisaggregated encoder trainingDiscarding the LLM after vision-encoder trainingDual-format coordinate supervisionExplicit text-string timestampsFour-frame audio patches with within-patch bidirectional self-attention