implementation detail · filed under model architecture
2×2 pixel-shuffle downsampling
A pixel-shuffle operation downsamples visual tokens at a 2×2 factor.
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a pixel-shuffle operation with 2×2 downsampling reduces the number of visual tokens by a factor of four
usedmodel architecturein Kimi K3Moonshot AI
Filed alongside
Other methods under model architecture :: multimodal architecture.
Encoder-free multimodal architectureEarly fusion multimodal trainingDiscrete token encoding for audioHierarchical patch encoderMixed-modality trainingConfigurable visual token budgetJoint multimodal decoding in a shared hidden spaceNative multimodal understanding3×3 pixel-unshuffle downsamplingJoint vision-language pre-trainingRaw audio projection into the LLM embedding spaceVision Transformer (ViT)Audio encoder initialized from MiMo-AudioAudio Transformer (AuT)Causal streaming ConvNet codec decoderData-parallel-first multimodal encodingDecoupled Encoder Process (DEP)Dedicated multimodal encodersDisaggregated encoder trainingDiscarding the LLM after vision-encoder trainingDual-format coordinate supervisionExplicit text-string timestampsFour-frame audio patches with within-patch bidirectional self-attentionFrom-scratch vision-encoder training with next-token prediction